Conditioning of Rectangular Vandermonde Matrices with Nodes in the Unit Disk

  • Authors:
  • Fermín S. V. Bazán

  • Affiliations:
  • -

  • Venue:
  • SIAM Journal on Matrix Analysis and Applications
  • Year:
  • 1999

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Abstract

Let WN=WN(z1,z2, . . . z1) be a rectangular Vandermonde matrix of order n × N, $N\geq n,$ with distinct nodes zj in the unit disk and $z_j^{k-1}$ as its (j,k) entry. Matrices of this type often arise in frequency estimation and system identification problems. In this paper, the conditioning of WN is analyzed and bounds for the spectral condition number $\kappa_2(W_N)$ are derived. The bounds depend on n, N, and the separation of the nodes. By analyzing the behavior of the bounds as functions of N, we conclude that these matrices may become well conditioned, provided the nodes are close to the unit circle but not extremely close to each other and provided the number of columns of WN is large enough. The asymptotic behavior of both the conditioning itself and the bounds is analyzed and the theoretical results arising from this analysis verified by numerical examples.