Analog VLSI and neural systems
Analog VLSI and neural systems
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An operational rank extractor (ORE) is introduced in this paper as an operational amplifier having rank extractors at its inputs. This versatile building block can implement a variety of nonlinear transfer functions such as a dead-zone amplifier, a limiter, a full-wave rectifier, and a tri-state comparator (including hysteretic behavior). A 6-input circuit has been implemented in a 2 μm CMOS process. The total silicon area is 460 \times 100\,\mu\hbox{m}^{2}, and the circuit dissipates 0.7 mW from a single 5 V supply. Various circuit configurations are analyzed theoretically, and experimental results are also provided.