The design and analysis of spatial data structures
The design and analysis of spatial data structures
Visual Image Retrieval by Elastic Matching of User Sketches
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Qualitative representation of positional information
Artificial Intelligence
Direction as a spatial object: a summary of results
Proceedings of the 6th ACM international symposium on Advances in geographic information systems
Constraint Databases
Qualitative representation of spatial knowledge in two-dimensional space
The VLDB Journal — The International Journal on Very Large Data Bases - Spatial Database Systems
SSD '97 Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Advances in Spatial Databases
Uncertainty Management for Spatial Data in Databases: Fuzzy Spatial Data Types
SSD '99 Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Advances in Spatial Databases
Using Orientation Information for Qualitative Spatial Reasoning
Proceedings of the International Conference GIS - From Space to Territory: Theories and Methods of Spatio-Temporal Reasoning on Theories and Methods of Spatio-Temporal Reasoning in Geographic Space
The Retrieval of Direction Relations using R-trees
DEXA '94 Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Database and Expert Systems Applications
Cardinal directions between spatial objects: the pairwise-consistency problem
Information Sciences—Informatics and Computer Science: An International Journal
Computational models for computing fuzzy cardinal directional relations between regions
Knowledge-Based Systems
A splitting line model for directional relations
Proceedings of the 19th ACM SIGSPATIAL International Conference on Advances in Geographic Information Systems
Modeling and refining directional relations based on fuzzy mathematical morphology
RSFDGrC'05 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Rough Sets, Fuzzy Sets, Data Mining, and Granular Computing - Volume Part I
Modeling cardinal directional relations between fuzzy regions based on alpha-morphology
LoCA'05 Proceedings of the First international conference on Location- and Context-Awareness
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Despite the innovative relevance of the results about spatial relations today available, the expressiveness of spatial query languages needs to be pushed further significantly in order to cope with the complexity of spatial entities. In particular, more research is necessary in order to support queries against data with uncertainty. In connection with cardinal directions, the best method today available is the Boolean, 3 × 3 direction-relation matrix proposed very recently by Goyal and Egenhofer. Our paper extends such a method to the case of regions with a broad boundary by introducing a 4-value, 5 × 5 direction-relation matrix. Furthermore, the present contribution studies the notion of consistency for a direction-relation matrix and proposes a set of conditions which are necessary and sufficient for assessing consistency.