Specifying queries as relational expressions: the SQUARE data sublanguage

  • Authors:
  • Raymond F. Boyce;Donald D. Chamberlin;W. Frank King, III;Michael M. Hammer

  • Affiliations:
  • IBM Research Lab., San Jose, CA;IBM Research Lab., San Jose, CA;IBM Research Lab., San Jose, CA;Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA

  • Venue:
  • Communications of the ACM
  • Year:
  • 1975

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Abstract

This paper presents a data sublanguage called SQUARE, intended for use in ad hoc, interactive problem solving by non-computer specialists. SQUARE is based on the relational model of data, and is shown to be relationally complete; however, it avoids the quantifiers and bound variables required by languages based on the relational calculus. Facilities for query, insertion, deletion, and update on tabular data bases are described. A syntax is given, and suggestions are made for alternative syntaxes, including a syntax based on English key words for users with limited mathematical background.