Semantic database modeling: survey, applications, and research issues
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
Intelligent database design using the unifying semantic model
Information and Management
Database description with SDM: a semantic database model
ACM Transactions on Database Systems (TODS)
Maintaining knowledge about temporal intervals
Communications of the ACM
Spatial SQL: A Query and Presentation Language
IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering
A Blackboard-Based Cooperative System for Schema Integration
IEEE Expert: Intelligent Systems and Their Applications
Geographic information systems and problem solving environments
Crossroads - Special issue on interdisciplinary computer science
IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering
Information systems interoperability: What lies beneath?
ACM Transactions on Information Systems (TOIS)
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Natural resource management is an important issue that uses large amounts of spatial and temporal data. It is risky to predict the consequences of resource management decisions without accurately understanding the interaction of ecosystems over a large region.A geographical information system describes objects from the real world in terms oflocation--geographic positions, attributes that are unrelated to position, such as soil type, elevation, and demographics, spatial relationships--how objects are linked, and temporal information--the evolution of both spatial and nonspatial data over time. The authors collaborated on this project to develop a computer environment that enables ecological researchers to analyze and solve problems concerning real ecosystems. Their system brings together and makes accessible data from a variety of heterogeneous databases.Such efforts have a high level of complexity when they seek to produce credible solutions to real-world management concerns. Over the past several years, the term synthetic environment has emerged to describe this type of simulation system.