Object oriented programming: an evolutionary approach
Object oriented programming: an evolutionary approach
The NeXT book
Creating dynamic interaction techniques by demonstration
CHI '87 Proceedings of the SIGCHI/GI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems and Graphics Interface
VUIMS: a visual user interface management system
UIST '90 Proceedings of the 3rd annual ACM SIGGRAPH symposium on User interface software and technology
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The programming-by-example paradigm promises to allow non-programmers and programmers alike to develop software more effectively. The NeXT Interface Builder is a tool for prototyping and developing highly graphical user interfaces. To evaluate the effectiveness of the NeXT Interface Builder, we developed the smartPhone application and collected data on the efforts of four programmers' development of a programmable telephone user interface. The main result was that with minimal training, the NeXT Interface Builder allows programmers to develop non-trivial application user interfaces in about an hour. On the negative side, more expertise and effort is required to develop object-oriented applications required for interface to the Interface Builder. We conclude with a recommendation for more empirical evaluation of the NeXT system.