On the self-similar nature of Ethernet traffic
SIGCOMM '93 Conference proceedings on Communications architectures, protocols and applications
Wide area traffic: the failure of Poisson modeling
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Improving end-to-end performance of the Web using server volumes and proxy filters
Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM '98 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communication
Exploiting regularities in Web traffic patterns for cache replacement
STOC '99 Proceedings of the thirty-first annual ACM symposium on Theory of computing
On the scale and performance of cooperative Web proxy caching
Proceedings of the seventeenth ACM symposium on Operating systems principles
The age penalty and its effect on cache performance
USITS'01 Proceedings of the 3rd conference on USENIX Symposium on Internet Technologies and Systems - Volume 3
USITS'99 Proceedings of the 2nd conference on USENIX Symposium on Internet Technologies and Systems - Volume 2
Study of piggyback cache validation for proxy caches in the world wide web
USITS'97 Proceedings of the USENIX Symposium on Internet Technologies and Systems on USENIX Symposium on Internet Technologies and Systems
Exploring the bounds of web latency reduction from caching and prefetching
USITS'97 Proceedings of the USENIX Symposium on Internet Technologies and Systems on USENIX Symposium on Internet Technologies and Systems
Refreshment policies for web content caches
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
An evaluation of multi-resolution storage for sensor networks
Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
Analysis and evaluation of expiration-based hierarchical caching systems
Performance Evaluation - Internet performance symposium (IPS 2002)
Retrieval and freshness thresholds in hierarchical caching systems
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
Measuring cache freshness by additive age
ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review
Performance aspects of distributed caches using, TTL-based consistency
Theoretical Computer Science - Automata, languages and programming
Analysis of Replica Placement under Expiration-Based Consistency Management
IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems
Optimal Replica Placement under TTL-Based Consistency
IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems
Resource discovery in federated systems with voluntary sharing
Proceedings of the 2007 ACM/IFIP/USENIX international conference on Middleware companion
Caching and Materialization for Web Databases
Foundations and Trends in Databases
Task optimization based on CPU pipeline technique in a multicore system
Computers & Mathematics with Applications
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The Web is a distributed system, where data is stored and disseminated from both origin servers and caches. Origin servers provide the most up-to-date copy whereas caches store and serve copies that had been cached for a while. Origin servers do not maintain per-client state, and weak-consistency of cached copies is maintained by the origin server attaching to each copy an expiration time. Typically, the lifetime-duration of an object is fixed, and as a result, a copy fetched directly from its origin server has maximum time-to-live (TTL) whereas a copy obtained through a cache has a shorter TTL since its age (elapsed time since fetched from the origin) is deducted from its lifetime duration. Thus, a cache that is served from a cache would incur a higher miss-rate than a cache served from origin servers. Similarly, a high-level cache would receive more requests from the same client population than an origin server would have received. As Web caches are often served from other caches (e.g., proxy and reverse-proxy caches), age emerges as a performance factor. Guided by a formal model and analysis, we use different inter-request time distributions and trace-based simulations to explore the effect of age for different cache settings and configurations. We also evaluate the effectiveness of frequent pre-term refreshes by higher-level caches as a means to decrease client misses. Beyond Web content distribution, our conclusions generally apply to systems of caches deploying expiration-based consistency.