Pattern Recognition
A survey of thresholding techniques
Computer Vision, Graphics, and Image Processing
Gray Level Thresholding in Badly Illuminated Images
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
A new approach for multilevel threshold selection
CVGIP: Graphical Models and Image Processing
Binarization and multithresholding of document images using connectivity
CVGIP: Graphical Models and Image Processing
Improvement of “integrated function algorithm” for binarization of document images
Pattern Recognition Letters
Document Image Binarization Based on Texture Features
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Self-organizing maps
Gray-level reduction using local spatial features
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
Neural Networks: A Comprehensive Foundation
Neural Networks: A Comprehensive Foundation
Fuzzy Algorithms: With Applications to Image Processing and Pattern Recognition
Fuzzy Algorithms: With Applications to Image Processing and Pattern Recognition
Foundations of Neuro-Fuzzy Systems
Foundations of Neuro-Fuzzy Systems
Space-filling approach for fast window query on compressed images
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
A multi-scale framework for adaptive binarization of degraded document images
Pattern Recognition
A new binarization method for non-uniform illuminated document images
Pattern Recognition
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This paper proposes a new method for fuzzy binarization of digital document. The proposed approach achieves binarization using both the image gray-levels and additional local spatial features. Both, gray-level and local features values feed a Kohonen Self-Organized Feature Map (SOFM) neural network classifier. After training, the neurons of the output competition layer of the SOFM define two bilevel classes. Using content of these classes, fuzzy membership functions are obtained that are next used with the Fuzzy C-means (FCM) algorithm in order to reduce the character-blurring problem. The method is suitable for binarization of blurring documents and can be easily modified to accommodate any type of spatial characteristics.