Complexity versus difficulty: where should the intelligence be?

  • Authors:
  • Don Norman

  • Affiliations:
  • Northwestern University, Nielsen Norman Group

  • Venue:
  • Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces
  • Year:
  • 2002

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Abstract

Complexity refers to the internal workings of the system, difficulty to the face provided to the user -- the factors that affect ease of use. The history of technology demonstrates that the way to make simpler, less difficult usage often requires more sophisticated, more intelligent, and more complex insides. Do we need intelligent interfaces? I don't think so: The intelligence should be inside, internal to the system. The interface is the visible part of the system, where people need stability, predictability and a coherent system image that they can understand and thereby learn.