The vocabulary problem in human-system communication
Communications of the ACM
Usage analysis of a digital library
Proceedings of the third ACM conference on Digital libraries
The anatomy of a large-scale hypertextual Web search engine
WWW7 Proceedings of the seventh international conference on World Wide Web 7
Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces
Analysis of a very large web search engine query log
ACM SIGIR Forum
Searching the Web: the public and their queries
Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology
ClaimSpotter: an environment to support sensemaking with knowledge triples
Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces
How to find better index terms through citations
CLIIR '06 Proceedings of the Workshop on How Can Computational Linguistics Improve Information Retrieval?
A citation-based approach to automatic topical indexing of scientific literature
Journal of Information Science
Journal of Information Science
Improving MeSH classification of biomedical articles using citation contexts
Journal of Biomedical Informatics
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Authors cite other work in many types of documents. Notable among these are research papers and web pages. Recently, several researchers have proposed using the text surrounding citations (references) as a means of automatically indexing documents for search engines, claiming that this technique is superior to indexing documents based on their content [1,2]. While we ourselves have made this claim, we acknowledge that little empirical data has been presented to support it. Therefore, in the limited space available we present a terse overview of a study comparing reference to content as bases for indexing documents. This study indicates that reference identifies the value of documents more accurately and with a greater diversity of language than content.