Explanation-based generalisation = partial evaluation
Artificial Intelligence
Partial evaluation and automatic program generation
Partial evaluation and automatic program generation
Natural language understanding (2nd ed.)
Natural language understanding (2nd ed.)
A collaborative model of feedback in human-computer interaction
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Speech and Language Processing: An Introduction to Natural Language Processing, Computational Linguistics, and Speech Recognition
Toward conversational human-computer interaction
AI Magazine
IEEE Intelligent Systems
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
DialogXML: extending VoiceXML for dynamic dialog management
HLT '02 Proceedings of the second international conference on Human Language Technology Research
Compositional specification and realisation of mixed-initiative web dialogs
International Journal of Web Engineering and Technology
HSI'09 Proceedings of the 2nd conference on Human System Interactions
Program transformations for information personalization
Computer Languages, Systems and Structures
ITWP'03 Proceedings of the 2003 international conference on Intelligent Techniques for Web Personalization
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We show that partial evaluation can be usefully viewed as a programming model for realizing mixed-initiative functionality in interactive applications. Mixed-initiative interaction between two participants is one where the parties can take turns at any time to change and steer the flow of interaction. We concentrate on the facet of mixed-initiative referred to as 'unsolicited reporting' and demonstrate how out-of-turn interactions by users can be modeled by 'jumping ahead' to nested dialogs (via partial evaluation). Our approach permits the view of dialog management systems in terms of their support for staging and simplifying inter-actions; we characterize three different voice-based interaction technologies using this viewpoint. In particular, we show that the built-in form interpretation algorithm (FIA) in the VoiceXML dialog management architecture is actually a (well disguised) combination of an interpreter and a partial evaluator.