Color gamut mapping and the printing of digital color images
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
Multilayer feedforward networks are universal approximators
Neural Networks
On the Problem of Local Minima in Backpropagation
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
An analysis of selected computer interchange color spaces
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
The quickhull algorithm for convex hulls
ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software (TOMS)
Reproducing color images as duotones
SIGGRAPH '96 Proceedings of the 23rd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Reproducing color images using custom inks
Proceedings of the 25th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Neural Networks: A Comprehensive Foundation
Neural Networks: A Comprehensive Foundation
An inexpensive scheme for calibration of a colour monitor in terms of CIE standard coordinates
SIGGRAPH '83 Proceedings of the 10th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Numerical Methods for Unconstrained Optimization and Nonlinear Equations (Classics in Applied Mathematics, 16)
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Color management for the printing of digital images is a challenging task, due primarily to nonlinear ink-mixing behavior and the presence of redundant solutions for print devices with more than three inks. Algorithms for the conversion of image data to printer-specific format are typically designed to achieve a single predetermined rendering intent, such as colorimetric accuracy. In the present paper we present two CIELAB to CMYK color conversion schemes based on a general Pareto-optimal formulation for printer color management. The schemes operate using a 149-color characterization data set selected to efficiently capture the entire CMYK gamut. The first scheme uses artificial neural networks as transfer functions between the CIELAB and CMYK spaces. The second scheme is based on a reformulation of tetrahedral interpolation as an optimization problem. Characterization data are divided into tetrahedra for the interpolation-based approach using the program Qhull, which removes the common restriction that characterization data be well organized. Both schemes offer user control over trade-off problems such as cost versus reproduction accuracy, allowing for user-specified print objectives and the use of constraints such as maximum allowable ink and maximum allowable ΔE*ab. A formulation for minimization of ink is shown to be particularly favorable, integrating both clipping and gamut compression features into a single methodology. Codes developed as applications of these schemes were used to convert several CIELAB Tiff images to CMYK format, providing both qualitative and quantitative verification of the Pareto-optimal approach. Prints of the MacBeth ColorCheckertm chart were accurate within approximately to 3 ΔE*ab for in-gamut colors. Modifications to this approach are presented that offer user control over grey component replacement and provide additional options for rendering intent.