The design of a rule-based CAI tutorial
International Journal of Man-Machine Studies
A theory for the representation of knowledge
IBM Journal of Research and Development
BABYLON—kernel system of an integrated environment for expert system development and operation
5th international workshop, Vol. 1 on Expert systems & their applications
Automatic construction of discourse representation structures
ACL '84 Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 22nd annual meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics
A word database for natural language processing
COLING '86 Proceedings of the 11th coference on Computational linguistics
Separating world and regulation knowledge: where is the logic
ICAIL '91 Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Artificial intelligence and law
IBM Journal of Research and Development
LITES, an intelligent tutoring system for legal problem solving in the domain of Dutch Civil law
ICAIL '93 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Artificial intelligence and law
Classification and clustering for case-based criminal summary judgments
ICAIL '03 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Artificial intelligence and law
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The LEX (Legal Expert System) project is one of the European based projects investigating legal expert systems from both a professional and a teaching perspective. The project is a cooperative project between the University of Tübingen and IBM Germany and developed out of research into a User Specialty Language system (USL) for natural language queries to a relational data base. The LEX system has as its main components a Natural Language Analyzer for analysis and logic representation of written texts. A Knowledge Base holding; sources from the legal codes, explanations from legal commentaries, some common sense knowledge, and a lexicon of approximately 20000 words. Finally a Deductive Component based upon tableau calculus, conducts inference within the system.The system has as its primary aim to enable lawyers to input in natural language a set of case facts and to ask questions on the juridical issues connected to those facts. Dialogue is controlled enabling intelligent explanation to the user when required. A secondary aim is to provide additional components so as to enable the system to tutor on the legal domain held within the system.The development of the system has enabled the project team to gain insights into the problem of formalization of legal rules within the German legal system.