An analysis of BGP convergence properties
Proceedings of the conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communication
Stable Internet routing without global coordination
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Deriving traffic demands for operational IP networks: methodology and experience
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Stable internet routing without global coordination
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On inferring autonomous system relationships in the internet
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A comparison of scaling techniques for BGP
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review
Scalable hierarchical coarse-grained timers
ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review
The stable paths problem and interdomain routing
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Realistic BGP traffic for test labs
Proceedings of the 2002 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communications
Route oscillations in I-BGP with route reflection
Proceedings of the 2002 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communications
Detection and analysis of routing loops in packet traces
Proceedings of the 2nd ACM SIGCOMM Workshop on Internet measurment
Does IPv6 Improve the Scalability of the Internet?
IDMS/PROMS 2002 Proceedings of the Joint International Workshops on Interactive Distributed Multimedia Systems and Protocols for Multimedia Systems: Protocols and Systems for Interactive Distributed Multimedia
Network routing with path vector protocols: theory and applications
Proceedings of the 2003 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communications
Design principles of policy languages for path vector protocols
Proceedings of the 2003 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communications
On selfish routing in internet-like environments
Proceedings of the 2003 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communications
A measurement-based analysis of multihoming
Proceedings of the 2003 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communications
BANANAS: an evolutionary framework for explicit and multipath routing in the internet
FDNA '03 Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM workshop on Future directions in network architecture
Origin authentication in interdomain routing
Proceedings of the 10th ACM conference on Computer and communications security
RE-tree: an efficient index structure for regular expressions
The VLDB Journal — The International Journal on Very Large Data Bases
An Internet scale simulation setup for BGP
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review
Guidelines for interdomain traffic engineering
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review
Implications of the topological properties of Internet traffic on traffic engineering
Proceedings of the 2004 ACM symposium on Applied computing
On the convergence time of a path-vector protocol
SODA '04 Proceedings of the fifteenth annual ACM-SIAM symposium on Discrete algorithms
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review
The impact of BGP dynamics on intra-domain traffic
Proceedings of the joint international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
A comparison of overlay routing and multihoming route control
Proceedings of the 2004 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communications
SPV: secure path vector routing for securing BGP
Proceedings of the 2004 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communications
Locating internet routing instabilities
Proceedings of the 2004 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communications
A pragmatic approach to dealing with high-variability in network measurements
Proceedings of the 4th ACM SIGCOMM conference on Internet measurement
A methodology for estimating interdomain web traffic demand
Proceedings of the 4th ACM SIGCOMM conference on Internet measurement
Designing BGP-based outbound traffic engineering techniques for stub ASes
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review
Inefficiency in provisioning interconnected communication networks
Proceedings of the 6th ACM conference on Electronic commerce
An algebraic theory of dynamic network routing
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Design and simulation of a supplemental protocol for BGP
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking - Selected papers from the 3rd international workshop on QoS in multiservice IP networks (QoS-IP 2005)
A case study in meta-simulation design and performance analysis for large-scale networks
WSC '04 Proceedings of the 36th conference on Winter simulation
On-demand computation of policy based routes for large-scale network simulation
WSC '04 Proceedings of the 36th conference on Winter simulation
Advanced concepts in large-scale network simulation
WSC '05 Proceedings of the 37th conference on Winter simulation
Topographic Visualization of Prefix Propagation in the Internet
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
Path preserving scale down for validation of internet inter-domain routing protocols
Proceedings of the 38th conference on Winter simulation
Origin authentication in interdomain routing
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
Internet resiliency to attacks and failures under BGP policy routing
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
Stabilizing inter-domain routing in the Internet
Journal of High Speed Networks - Self-Stabilizing Systems, Part 1
Multihoming performance benefits: an experiment evaluation of practical enterprise strategies
ATEC '04 Proceedings of the annual conference on USENIX Annual Technical Conference
Computing the types of the relationships between autonomous systems
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
An active approach to measuring routing dynamics induced by autonomous systems
Proceedings of the 2007 workshop on Experimental computer science
Investigating prefix propagation through active BGP probing
Microprocessors & Microsystems
An active approach to measuring routing dynamics induced by autonomous systems
ecs'07 Experimental computer science on Experimental computer science
RE-Tree: an efficient index structure for regular expressions
VLDB '02 Proceedings of the 28th international conference on Very Large Data Bases
AS-based accountability as a cost-effective DDoS defense
HotBots'07 Proceedings of the first conference on First Workshop on Hot Topics in Understanding Botnets
The complexity of game dynamics: BGP oscillations, sink equilibria, and beyond
Proceedings of the nineteenth annual ACM-SIAM symposium on Discrete algorithms
Using forgetful routing to control BGP table size
CoNEXT '06 Proceedings of the 2006 ACM CoNEXT conference
Large-scale testing of the Internet's Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) via topological scale-down
ACM Transactions on Modeling and Computer Simulation (TOMACS)
On the performance benefits of multihoming route control
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Consensus routing: the internet as a distributed system
NSDI'08 Proceedings of the 5th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation
Netkit: easy emulation of complex networks on inexpensive hardware
Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Testbeds and research infrastructures for the development of networks & communities
Shedding light on the glue logic of the internet routing architecture
Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2008 conference on Data communication
Can Forwarding Loops Appear When Activating iBGP Multipath Load Sharing?
AINTEC '07 Proceedings of the 3rd Asian conference on Internet Engineering: Sustainable Internet
Large-scale network parameter configuration using an on-line simulation framework
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Minimizing hierarchical routing error
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
A directory service for perspective access networks
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Design and simulation of a supplemental protocol for BGP
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking - Selected papers from the 3rd international workshop on QoS in multiservice IP networks (QoS-IP 2005)
A hierarchy and probability-based approach for inferring AS relationships
AINTEC '09 Asian Internet Engineering Conference
Using redistribution communities for interdomain traffic engineering
QofIS'02/ICQT'02 Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on quality of future internet services and internet charging and QoS technologies 2nd international conference on From QoS provisioning to QoS charging
Region-based BGP announcement filtering for improved BGP security
ASIACCS '10 Proceedings of the 5th ACM Symposium on Information, Computer and Communications Security
Incentive-compatible interdomain routing with linear utilities
WINE'07 Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Internet and network economics
Increasing bisemigroups and algebraic routing
RelMiCS'08/AKA'08 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Relational and kleene algebra methods in computer science, and 5th international conference on Applications of kleene algebra
Improving the interaction between overlay routing and traffic engineering
NETWORKING'08 Proceedings of the 7th international IFIP-TC6 networking conference on AdHoc and sensor networks, wireless networks, next generation internet
Rate limiting in an event-driven BGP speaker
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications - Special issue title on scaling the internet routing system: an interim report
Expected convergence properties of BGP
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
QoS-IP'05 Proceedings of the Third international conference on Quality of Service in Multiservice IP Networks
Interdomain ingress traffic engineering through optimized AS-Path prepending
NETWORKING'05 Proceedings of the 4th IFIP-TC6 international conference on Networking Technologies, Services, and Protocols; Performance of Computer and Communication Networks; Mobile and Wireless Communication Systems
On the sensitivity of transit ASes to internal failures
IPOM'05 Proceedings of the 5th IEEE international conference on Operations and Management in IP-Based Networks
Issues with inferring Internet topological attributes
Computer Communications
Recovery from control plane failures in the LDP signalling protocol
Optical Switching and Networking
Routing regardless of network stability
ESA'12 Proceedings of the 20th Annual European conference on Algorithms
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From the Book:This book is about Border Gateway Protocol Version 4 (BGP4). At the time of this writing, BGP4, the latest version of BGP, has been deployed extensively on routers within the Internet. BGP is a routing protocol for the Internet Protocol (IP). A routing protocol is defined by a set of message formats for describing the reachability and preference for network addresses along with rules for processing information learned through these messages. The role played by routing protocols in networks is to ensure that information can be sent between computers connected to the network. For example, an individual dialing into the Internet from home probably wants to access information, make a purchase, or communicate with friends or colleagues. These resources may be far away from the user's computer, and it is the routing protocols that are responsible for making sure that information can be exchanged between the user and the resources.BGP is an inter-domain routing protocol. The Internet is a collection of many thousands of networks--from the largest backbones to the smallest dial-up providers and from multinational corporations to an individual dentist's office. Routing protocols are run completely internally to each of these networks as well as between a network and its neighbor. Inter-domain routing protocols such as BGP are the glue that ties the various networks together to make sure that a user of one network can reach a resource no matter where it connects to the network.The number of people who either need or want to know about BGP has increased dramatically in the past few years, for two reasons. First, the growth in the number of Internet service providers has been explosive in the recent past. Second, many companies depend on the Internet for mission-critical exchange of information or for revenue stream either through Internet sales or through the sale of advertising space on Web pages. Such organizations often need to understand and use BGP either because of their sheer size or as a way of maximizing the efficiency or reliability of their Internet connection(s).This book presents a practical introduction to BGP and is structured so that it can serve as a reference for people who need to use BGP. Chapter 1 gives an introduction to the TCP/IP protocol suite and to routing in general. Chapter 2 describes the protocol itself, including the messages and the rules for processing information learned through the protocol. Chapter 3 describes how BGP is used and explains the operational details that are important to know to use BGP. Chapter 4 describes the major extensions that have been made to the original specification to increase the protocol's usability, stability, and scope of operation.The intended audience is people who have a solid understanding of general computing and at least a cursory familiarity with networks. The background presented in Chapter 1 is as brief as possible, although it attempts to give enough information so that someone who is not an expert in IP can understand the operational details of BGP as well as the reasons for some of the design choices. For readers who are curious about either TCP/IP in general, routing in general, or some particular area of BGP, the Appendix lists a number of references for further reading. AcknowledgmentsThis is a short book, but it created more than its fair share of stress in my life for several months. Trying to tackle the project of writing a book for the first time shortly after moving across the country, starting a new job with a Bay Area networking start-up, and starting a new relationship certainly presented some challenges. Given this set of challenges, there are a number of people I need to thank for helping me start and, more important, finish the project.First, I should thank Mary Hart (nee Harrington) of Addison Wesley Longman, Inc., who is responsible for the overall project. She was patient, persistent, and, amazingly, pleasant in her periodic requests for status updates.Next, I should thank John Fuller of Addison Wesley Longman, Inc.'s production department. He was extremely professional and reliable in seeing the book through to publication.Next, I should thank Allison Mankin of the University of Southern California's Information Sciences Institute. Allison was my boss for a year and suggested to Mary Hart that she check with me to see whether I had an interest in writing a book on BGP. Allison has been a friend to me in many ways for most of my career, and I appreciate everything she has done for me.Next, I should thank my professional friends and colleagues. It is certainly they, and not I, who are responsible for my knowing enough about BGP to write this book. My jobs at the Corporation for National Research Initiatives, MCI, USC/ISI, and now Juniper Networks, along with my associated involvement in the IETF, have given me a chance to meet and learn from some incredibly talented people. It's impossible to list everyone, but some of the people I'd like to mention are Roy Alcala, Tony Bates, Scott Bradner, Vint Cerf, Ravi Chandra, Enke Chen, Bruce Cole, Dennis Ferguson, Scott Huddle, Joe Lawrence, Tony Li, Allison Mankin, Yakov Rekhter, John Scoggin, Rob Sparre, and Paul Traina.Next, I should thank the people who reviewed both the proposal for this book and an early draft of the full manuscript. Their comments were helpful and insightful and definitely improved the final product. Many thanks to Jeffrey Burgan (@Home Network), Joe Furgerson (Juniper Networks), Gerald L. Hopkins (Bell Atlantic), Barry Margolin, Robert Minnear, and Yakov Rekhter (Cisco Systems).Finally, I should thank my family. My mother, father, and sister were very supportive, albeit from 3,000 miles away. My partner, Tim Houston, struck an unbelievable balance of encouraging me to keep working while simultaneously being a pleasant distraction. He dealt with my being absent for quite a while, and I really appreciate his patience. John W. Stewart III jstewart@juniper.netSan Francisco