Manipulation of music for melody matching
MULTIMEDIA '98 Proceedings of the sixth ACM international conference on Multimedia
A tool for content based navigation of music
MULTIMEDIA '98 Proceedings of the sixth ACM international conference on Multimedia
Melodic matching techniques for large music databases
MULTIMEDIA '99 Proceedings of the seventh ACM international conference on Multimedia (Part 1)
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An auditory model based approach for melody detection in polyphonic musical recordings
CMMR'04 Proceedings of the Second international conference on Computer Music Modeling and Retrieval
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In a music retrieval system, a user presents a piece of music as a query and the system must identify from a corpus of performances other pieces with a similar melody. Several techniques have been proposed for matching such queries to stored music. In previous work, we found that local alignment, a technique derived from bioinformatics, was more effective than the n-gram methods derived from information retrieval; other researchers have reported success with n-grams, but have not compared against local alignment. In this paper we explore a broader range of n-gram techniques, and test them with both manual queries and queries automatically extracted from MIDI files. Our experiments show that n-gram matching techniques can be as effective as local alignment; one highly effective technique is to simply count the number of n-grams in common between the query and the stored piece of music. N-grams are particularly effective for short queries and manual queries, while local alignment is superior for automatic queries.