A history of modern computing
Looking back, looking forward: a metadata standard for LANL's aDORe repository
Proceedings of the 6th ACM/IEEE-CS joint conference on Digital libraries
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Libraries' most central and costly activity-cataloging material and maintaining the catalogs providing end-user access-had requirements that defied efficient automation until the mid-1960s, when the Library of Congress developed the MARC format for data records. The format became the foundation for automated systems for libraries that took data sharing to new levels and enabled exploitation of future computer developments to create today's online catalog environment.