Min-max heaps and generalized priority queues

  • Authors:
  • M. D. Atkinson;J.-R. Sack;N. Santoro;T. Strothotte

  • Affiliations:
  • Carleton Univ., Ottawa, Ont., Canada;Carleton Univ., Ottawa, Ont., Canada;Carleton Univ., Ottawa, Ont., Canada;Univ. Stuttgart, Stuttgart, W. Germany

  • Venue:
  • Communications of the ACM
  • Year:
  • 1986

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Abstract

A simple implementation of double-ended priority queues is presented. The proposed structure, called a min-max heap, can be built in linear time; in contrast to conventional heaps, it allows both FindMin and FindMax to be performed in constant time; Insert, DeleteMin, and DeleteMax operations can be performed in logarithmic time. Min-max heaps can be generalized to support other similar order-statistics operations efficiently (e.g., constant time FindMedian and logarithmic time DeleteMedian); furthermore, the notion of min-max ordering can be extended to other heap-ordered structures, such as leftist trees.