Classification of Homomorphisms to Oriented Cycles and of k-Partite Satisfiability

  • Authors:
  • Tomás Feder

  • Affiliations:
  • -

  • Venue:
  • SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics
  • Year:
  • 2001

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Abstract

We show that, for every choice of an oriented cycle H, the problem of whether an input digraph G has a homomorphism to H is either polynomially solvable or NP-complete. Along the way, we obtain simpler proofs for two known polynomial cases, namely, oriented paths and unbalanced oriented cycles, and exhibit two new simple polynomial cases of balanced oriented cycles. The more difficult cases of the classification are handled by means of a new problem, the bipartite boolean satisfiability problem. In general, the k-partite boolean satisfiability problems are shown to be either polynomially solvable or NP-complete, thus generalizing Schaefer's classification of boolean satisfiability problems.