Learning automata: an introduction
Learning automata: an introduction
Learning internal representations by error propagation
Parallel distributed processing: explorations in the microstructure of cognition, vol. 1
Learning in embedded systems
Local and global optimization algorithms for generalized learning automata
Neural Computation
Ant-based load balancing in telecommunications networks
Adaptive Behavior
Swarm intelligence: from natural to artificial systems
Swarm intelligence: from natural to artificial systems
The ant colony optimization meta-heuristic
New ideas in optimization
An ACO algorithm for the shortest common supersequence problem
New ideas in optimization
MACS-VRPTW: a multiple ant colony system for vehicle routing problems with time windows
New ideas in optimization
Ant algorithms for discrete optimization
Artificial Life
Gradient descent for general reinforcement learning
Proceedings of the 1998 conference on Advances in neural information processing systems II
Future Generation Computer Systems
An Ants heuristic for the frequency assignment problem
Future Generation Computer Systems
Parallel and Distributed Processing '91
Parallel and Distributed Processing '91
Machine Learning
Introduction to Reinforcement Learning
Introduction to Reinforcement Learning
The Ant System Applied to the Quadratic Assignment Problem
IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering
Lamarckian Evolution, The Baldwin Effect and Function Optimization
PPSN III Proceedings of the International Conference on Evolutionary Computation. The Third Conference on Parallel Problem Solving from Nature: Parallel Problem Solving from Nature
An Ant Colony System Hybridized with a New Local Search for the Sequential Ordering Problem
INFORMS Journal on Computing
Reinforcement learning: a survey
Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research
AntNet: distributed stigmergetic control for communications networks
Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research
Ant colony system: a cooperative learning approach to the traveling salesman problem
IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation
Ant system: optimization by a colony of cooperating agents
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B: Cybernetics
Model-Based Search for Combinatorial Optimization: A Comparative Study
PPSN VII Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Parallel Problem Solving from Nature
Toward the Formal Foundation of Ant Programming
ANTS '02 Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Ant Algorithms
Updating ACO Pheromones Using Stochastic Gradient Ascent and Cross-Entropy Methods
Proceedings of the Applications of Evolutionary Computing on EvoWorkshops 2002: EvoCOP, EvoIASP, EvoSTIM/EvoPLAN
Metaheuristics in combinatorial optimization: Overview and conceptual comparison
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
Ant colony optimization theory: a survey
Theoretical Computer Science
Solution bias in ant colony optimisation: Lessons for selecting pheromone models
Computers and Operations Research
Ant Colony Optimization Algorithms for Shortest Path Problems
Network Control and Optimization
Modified ACS algorithm-based nonlinear PID controller and its application to CIP-I intelligent leg
ICIC'07 Proceedings of the intelligent computing 3rd international conference on Advanced intelligent computing theories and applications
A framework and model for soft routing: the Markovian termite and other curious creatures
ANTS'06 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Ant Colony Optimization and Swarm Intelligence
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In this article, we study the relationship between the two techniques known as ant colony optimization (ACO) and stochastic gradient descent. More precisely, we show that some empirical ACO algorithms approximate stochastic gradient descent in the space of pheromones, and we propose an implementation of stochastic gradient descent that belongs to the family of ACO algorithms. We then use this insight to explore the mutual contributions of the two techniques.