Locating nearby copies of replicated Internet servers
SIGCOMM '95 Proceedings of the conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communication
Managing update conflicts in Bayou, a weakly connected replicated storage system
SOSP '95 Proceedings of the fifteenth ACM symposium on Operating systems principles
An adaptive data replication algorithm
ACM Transactions on Database Systems (TODS)
Network performance effects of HTTP/1.1, CSS1, and PNG
SIGCOMM '97 Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM '97 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communication
Distributed cooperative Web servers
WWW '99 Proceedings of the eighth international conference on World Wide Web
Replication Techniques in Distributed Systems
Replication Techniques in Distributed Systems
Transaction Processing: Concepts and Techniques
Transaction Processing: Concepts and Techniques
Dynamic Load Balancing on Web-Server Systems
IEEE Internet Computing
WebCompanion: A Friendly Client-Side Web Prefetching Agent
IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering
The case for geographical push-caching
HOTOS '95 Proceedings of the Fifth Workshop on Hot Topics in Operating Systems (HotOS-V)
A longitudinal survey of Internet host reliability
SRDS '95 Proceedings of the 14TH Symposium on Reliable Distributed Systems
Dynamic Load Balancing in Geographically Distributed Heterogeneous Web Servers
ICDCS '98 Proceedings of the The 18th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems
Dynamic Server Selection in the Internet
Dynamic Server Selection in the Internet
Improving web server performance by caching dynamic data
USITS'97 Proceedings of the USENIX Symposium on Internet Technologies and Systems on USENIX Symposium on Internet Technologies and Systems
SPAND: shared passive network performance discovery
USITS'97 Proceedings of the USENIX Symposium on Internet Technologies and Systems on USENIX Symposium on Internet Technologies and Systems
Using smart clients to build scalable services
ATEC '97 Proceedings of the annual conference on USENIX Annual Technical Conference
Web++: a system for fast and reliable web service
ATEC '99 Proceedings of the annual conference on USENIX Annual Technical Conference
The state of the art in locally distributed Web-server systems
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
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We describe the design of a system for fast and reliable HTTP service which we call Web++. Web++ achieves high reliability by dynamically replicating web data among multiple web servers. Web++ selects the available server that is expected to provide the fastest response time. Furthermore, Web++ guarantees data delivery given that at least one server containing the requested data is available. After detecting a server failure, Web++ client requests are satisfied transparently to the user by another server. Furthermore, the Web++ architecture is flexible enough for implementing additional performance optimizations. We describe implementation of one such optimization, batch resource transmission, whereby all resources embedded in an HTML page that are not cached by the client are sent to the client in a single response. Web++ is built on top of the standard HTTP protocol and does not require any changes either in existing web browsers or the installation of any software on the client side. In particular, Web++ clients are dynamically downloaded to web browsers as signed Java applets. We implemented a Web++ prototype; performance experiments indicate that the Web++ system with 3 servers improves the response time perceived by clients on average by 36.6%, and in many cases by as much as 59%, when compared with the current web performance. In addition, we show that batch resource transmission can improve the response time on average by 39% for clients with fast network connections and 21% for the clients with 56 Kb modem connections.