The computer and the mind: an introduction to cognitive science
The computer and the mind: an introduction to cognitive science
Unified theories of cognition
Brain-like Computing and Intelligent Information Systems
Brain-like Computing and Intelligent Information Systems
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After presenting by extensive quotations the views of prominent philosophers, White-head, Schopenhauer, Wittgenstein and Popper, concerning human picture of the world, the picture of the physical world represented in language is discussed. It is shown that the categorical language based on Boolean two-valued logic is not sufficient for the description of such basic physical concepts as energy, force, entropy (information), etc. Such modal concepts as possibility, necessity, potentiality, probability, are needed in addition. Relativity physics, as well as quantum mechanics and field theory, shifted physical theory more and more in the direction of nonclassical modal logic. But if we pass from physics to general information dynamics of open systems (cognitive dynamics), where, except of the physical world, also mental and cultural worlds (Popperian world 1, world 2, and world 3) are considered, the classical scheme of information channel is not sufficient. We define, therefore, a generalized language scheme in which the three sets fixing the general meaning, denotation (D), connotation (C), and emotional aspect (E), are essential. At the end some classifications of sentences and verbs (predicates) are presented, as examples of primary syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic categories.