Formal specification of image schemata -- a steptowards interoperability in geographic informationsystems

  • Authors:
  • Andrew U. Frank;Martin Raubal

  • Affiliations:
  • Department of Geoinformation, Technical University Vienna, Gusshausstrasse 27-29, 1040 Vienna;Department of Geoinformation, Technical University Vienna, Gusshausstrasse 27-29, 1040 Vienna

  • Venue:
  • Spatial Cognition and Computation
  • Year:
  • 1998

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Abstract

The formal specification of spatial objects andspatial relations is at the core of geographic dataexchange and interoperability for geographicinformation systems (GIS). It is necessary that therepresentation of such objects and relations comesclose to how people use them in their everyday lives,i.e., that these specifications are built uponelements of human spatial cognition. Image schematahave been suggested as highly abstract and structuredmental patterns to capture spatial and similarphysical as well as metaphorical relations betweenobjects in the experiential world. We assume thatimage-schematic details for large-scale (geographic)space are potentially different from image-schematicdetails for small-scale (table-top) space. This paperreviews methods for the formal description of spatialrelations, integrates them in a categorical view, andapplies the methods arrived at to formally specifyimage schemata for large-scale (LOCATION, PATH,REGION, and BOUNDARY) as well as small-scale(CONTAINER, SURFACE, and LINK) space. Thesespecifications should provide a foundation for furtherresearch on formalizing elements of human spatialcognition for interoperability in GIS.