Temporal reasoning based on semi-intervals
Artificial Intelligence
Cognitive origins of graphic productions
Understanding images
Maintaining knowledge about temporal intervals
Communications of the ACM
Qualitative Representation of Spatial Knowledge
Qualitative Representation of Spatial Knowledge
Route generation and description using a logical and an analogical framework
Annals of Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence
COSIT '97 Proceedings of the International Conference on Spatial Information Theory: A Theoretical Basis for GIS
Structuring Space with Image Schemata: Wayfinding in Airports as a Case Study
COSIT '97 Proceedings of the International Conference on Spatial Information Theory: A Theoretical Basis for GIS
Wegauskünfte: Die Interdependenz von Such- und Beschreibungsprozessen
Repräsentation und Verarbeitung räumlichen Wissens
Do People Understand Spatial Concepts: The Case of First-Order Primitives
Proceedings of the International Conference GIS - From Space to Territory: Theories and Methods of Spatio-Temporal Reasoning on Theories and Methods of Spatio-Temporal Reasoning in Geographic Space
A Conceptual Model of Wayfinding Using Multiple Levels of Abstraction
Proceedings of the International Conference GIS - From Space to Territory: Theories and Methods of Spatio-Temporal Reasoning on Theories and Methods of Spatio-Temporal Reasoning in Geographic Space
Projective relations for 3D space: computational model, application, and psychological evaluation
AAAI'97/IAAI'97 Proceedings of the fourteenth national conference on artificial intelligence and ninth conference on Innovative applications of artificial intelligence
CORAL: using natural language generation for navigational assistance
ACSC '03 Proceedings of the 26th Australasian computer science conference - Volume 16
Generating approximate geographic descriptions
ENLG '09 Proceedings of the 12th European Workshop on Natural Language Generation
Generating approximate geographic descriptions
Empirical methods in natural language generation
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In the GRAAD Project we aimed at creatinga system which could generate route directions thatare comparable to route directions created by humanparticipants. With this goal in mind, we started froma linguistic and cognitive study of route directionsproduced by people and the study of cognitive modelsof mental maps. We proposed a new qualitative spatialmodel that can support the spatial properties of humanroute directions. This model is based on the notion ofobject's influence area which is used to modelneighborhood, orientation and distance. The proposedapproach relies on the manipulation of spatialentities in a spatial conceptual map (SCM) which isthe computarized analog of a mental map used bypeople. We developped the GRAAD System, software thatgenerates routes in a SCM and describes them innatural language. Finally, we conducted an experimentin order to compare GRAAD's route directions androutes described by human participants in similarexperimental conditions. GRAAD's output was notdistinguishable from route directions created by humanparticipants. In this paper we present the mainresults obtained during all phases of the GRAADProject.