The Journal of Supercomputing
The El'brus-3 and MARS-M: recent advances in Russian high-performance computing
The Journal of Supercomputing
S.A. Lebedev and the Birth of Soviet Computing
IEEE Annals of the History of Computing
Soviet technology: the case of high-performance computing
Soviet technology: the case of high-performance computing
Computer system organization: The B5700/B6700 series (ACM monograph series)
Computer system organization: The B5700/B6700 series (ACM monograph series)
The origins of digital computing in Europe
Communications of the ACM - Why CS students need math
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The Institute of Precision Mechanics and Computer Technology was the dominant developer of high speed systems in the Soviet Union from 1950 through to the end of the cold war. One of its principal lines of development was the El'brus family of multiprocessors. The El'brus-1 and El'brus-2 show the strong influence of design ideas implemented in the Burroughs 700 family but exhibit a variety of innovative architectural features, particularly in the creation of a stack based CPU capable of instruction level parallelism and dynamic instruction scheduling. Both systems suffered from long and problematic development cycles