The connection machine
The warp computer: Architecture, implementation, and performance
IEEE Transactions on Computers
Warp: an integrated solution of high-speed parallel computing
Proceedings of the 1988 ACM/IEEE conference on Supercomputing
An architecture independent programming language for low-level vision
Computer Vision, Graphics, and Image Processing
Analyzing parallel program executions using multiple views
Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing - Special issue: software tools for parallel programming and visualization
Multi-model parallel programming in psyche
PPOPP '90 Proceedings of the second ACM SIGPLAN symposium on Principles & practice of parallel programming
The DARPA image understanding benchmark for parallel computers
Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing
Autonomous Cross-Country Navigation: An Integrated Perception and Planning System
IEEE Expert: Intelligent Systems and Their Applications
Toward autonomous driving: the CMU Navlab. Part I - Perception
IEEE Expert: Intelligent Systems and Their Applications
A Functional Data-flow Architecture Dedicated to Real-time Image Processing
PACT '93 Proceedings of the IFIP WG10.3. Working Conference on Architectures and Compilation Techniques for Fine and Medium Grain Parallelism
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Hardware, software tools, algorithms, and performance metrics that have been developed for image understanding are presented. Three commercially built examples reflecting three mature approaches considered germane to vision-single-instruction multiple-data, multiple-instruction multiple-data, and systolic processing-were chosen. They are, respectively, the Connection Machine, the Butterfly, and the Warp. A fourth approach, more specific to vision, was also selected for noncommercial implementation. This machine, the Image-Understanding Architecture, involves a heterogeneous combination of parallel processors with single-instruction multiple-data, multiple-instruction multiple-data, and other capabilities. Each site employing one of the above architectures developed a different set of tools, leading to significant cross-fertilization of ideas between the sites. Algorithms for low-level vision, shape from texture, fusing stereo and texture, surface interpolation, and robot navigation, among others, are briefly discussed. Benchmarks are described.