Cognitive modeling reveals menu search in both random and systematic
Proceedings of the ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human factors in computing systems
Eye tracking the visual search of click-down menus
Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Cognitive modeling demonstrates how people use anticipated location knowledge of menu items
Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
ACT-R: a theory of higher level cognition and its relation to visual attention
Human-Computer Interaction
Cognitive strategies for the visual search of hierarchical computer displays
Human-Computer Interaction
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Two cognitive modeling efforts (EPIC & ACT-R) have proposed computational models of a simple menu selection task involving searching for a single digit in an unordered, pull down menu. This paper presents an empirical study which extends the menu selection task in two dimensions (distance between menu items and whether the items are digits or words). Each of these manipulations should make a difference in selection time according to one of the models but not the other. An analysis of response times reveals that both factors produce significant differences in the direction predicted by the cognitive models. The magnitude of these differences, however, are smaller than predicted (7% for distance and only 3% for word vs. digit). Implications for future modeling of visual attention is briefly addressed.