Algorithms
Planar Geometric Projections and Viewing Transformations
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
Multidimensional binary search trees used for associative searching
Communications of the ACM
Characterizing non-ideal shapes in terms of dimensions and tolerances
SIGGRAPH '78 Proceedings of the 5th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
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Annotator is a prototype to investigate the application of AI techniques to the annotation of engineering drawings. In particular, Annotator addresses drawings of piping systems such as those for chemical plants or waste treatment facilities. The isometric representation of the piping system is selected because it is the most numerous type of drawing in plant design. Knowledge contained in hierarchies represents the CAD model of the piping system, features of the model and features of the drawing. Production rules about relationships among model items and features make annotation decisions, creating instances in a hierarchy of drawing annotations. Issues in geometry such as parallelism and perpendicularity and the translation of the 3-D model world into the 2-D drawing representation are addressed. Algorithms determine geometric intersections; rules specify whether intersections between given object classes are considered acceptable. Although Annotator prototype is separate from the CAD/CAM environment, the Annotator prototype illustrates the potential for fully automating the annotation process through representation of the knowledge about a piping model and its dimensioning requirements within a rule-based, object-oriented hierarchy.