Smalltalk-80: the language and its implementation
Smalltalk-80: the language and its implementation
The impact of DSS on organizational communication
Information and Management
Computing and organizations: what we know and what we don't know
Communications of the ACM - Special section on management of information systems
Social Analyses of Computing: Theoretical Perspectives in Recent Empirical Research
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
Computer information systems and organization structure
Communications of the ACM
The evolution of user behavior in a computerized conferencing system
Communications of the ACM
Computer science as empirical inquiry: symbols and search
Communications of the ACM
In search of cooperation: an historical analysis of work organization and management strategies
CSCW '88 Proceedings of the 1988 ACM conference on Computer-supported cooperative work
An annotated bibliography of computer supported cooperative work
ACM SIGCHI Bulletin - Special issue: Computer supported cooperative work
A contingency analysis of post-bureaucratic controls in IT-related change
ICIS '00 Proceedings of the twenty first international conference on Information systems
The impact of information technology on middle managers
MIS Quarterly
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Many researchers have investigated and speculated about the link between information technology and organizational structure with very mixed results. This paper suggests that part of the reason for these mixed results is the coarseness of previous analyses of both technology and structure. The paper describes a new and much more detailed perspective for investigating this link. Using concepts of object-oriented programming from artificial intelligence, the information processing that occurs in organizations is characterized in terms of the kinds of messages people exchange and the ways they process those messages. The utility of this approach is demonstrated through the analysis of a case in which a reduction in levels of management is coupled with the introduction of a computer conferencing system. The detailed model developed for this case helps explain both macro-level data about thd changes in the organizational structure, and micro-level data about individuals' use of the system.