Explanation-based learning: a survey of programs and perspectives
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
Knowledge-based learning integrating acquisition and learning
IEA/AIE '90 Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Industrial and engineering applications of artificial intelligence and expert systems - Volume 2
A knowledge-level analysis of explanation-based learning
IEA/AIE '90 Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Industrial and engineering applications of artificial intelligence and expert systems - Volume 2
The Knowledge Engineering Review
Measuring and improving the effectiveness of representations
IJCAI'91 Proceedings of the 12th international joint conference on Artificial intelligence - Volume 1
Multiagent optimization system for solving the traveling salesman problem (TSP)
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B: Cybernetics
Knowledge sharing between agents in a transitioning organization
COIN'07 Proceedings of the 2007 international conference on Coordination, organizations, institutions, and norms in agent systems III
Defining operationality for explanation-based learning
AAAI'87 Proceedings of the sixth National conference on Artificial intelligence - Volume 2
Knowledge level learning in soar
AAAI'87 Proceedings of the sixth National conference on Artificial intelligence - Volume 2
A declarative approach to bias in concept learning
AAAI'87 Proceedings of the sixth National conference on Artificial intelligence - Volume 2
Defining operationality for explanation-based learning
AAAI'87 Proceedings of the sixth National conference on Artificial intelligence - Volume 2
Knowledge level learning in soar
AAAI'87 Proceedings of the sixth National conference on Artificial intelligence - Volume 2
A declarative approach to bias in concept learning
AAAI'87 Proceedings of the sixth National conference on Artificial intelligence - Volume 2
Knowledge level and inductive uses of chunking (EBL)
AAAI'90 Proceedings of the eighth National conference on Artificial intelligence - Volume 2
KI: a tool for knowledge integration
AAAI'96 Proceedings of the thirteenth national conference on Artificial intelligence - Volume 1
On the need to bootstrap ontology learning with extraction grammar learning
ICCS'05 Proceedings of the 13th international conference on Conceptual Structures: common Semantics for Sharing Knowledge
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When Newell introduced the concept of the knowledge level as a useful level of description for computer systems, he focused on the representation of knowledge. This paper applies the knowledge level notion to the problem of knowledge acquisition. Two interesting issues arise. First, some existing machine learning programs appear to be completely static when viewed at the knowledge level. These programs improve their performance without changing their ‘knowledge.’ Second, the behavior of some other machine learning programs cannot be predicted or described at the knowledge level. These programs take unjustified inductive leaps. The first programs are called symbol level learning (SLL) programs; the second, nondeductive knowledge level learning (NKLL) programs. The paper analyzes both of these classes of learning programs and speculates on the possibility of developing coherent theories of each. A theory of symbol level learning is sketched, and some reasons are presented for believing that a theory of NKLL will be difficult to obtain.