C4.5: programs for machine learning
C4.5: programs for machine learning
Bioinformatics: the machine learning approach
Bioinformatics: the machine learning approach
Machine Learning - Special issue on multistrategy learning
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This paper presents a new method of measuring performance when positives are rare and investigates whether Chomsky-like grammar representations are useful for learning accurate comprehensible predictors of members of biological sequence families. The positive-only learning framework of the Inductive Logic Programming (ILP) system CProgol is used to generate a grammar for recognising a class of proteins known as human neuropeptide precursors (NPPs). Performance is measured using both predictive accuracy and a new cost function, Relative Advantage (RA). The RA results show that searching for NPPs by using our best NPP predictor as a filter is more than 100 times more efficient than randomly selecting proteins for synthesis and testing them for biological activity. Predictive accuracy is not a good measure of performance for this domain because it does not discriminate well between NPP recognition models: despite covering varying numbers of (the rare) positives, all the models are awarded a similar (high) score by predictive accuracy because they all exclude most of the abundant negatives.