A Two-Level Directory Architecture for Highly Scalable cc-NUMA Multiprocessors
IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems
Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing
Proceedings of the 42nd Annual IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Microarchitecture
SPACE: sharing pattern-based directory coherence for multicore scalability
Proceedings of the 19th international conference on Parallel architectures and compilation techniques
SigNet: network-on-chip filtering for coarse vector directories
Proceedings of the Conference on Design, Automation and Test in Europe
Building expressive, area-efficient coherence directories
PACT '13 Proceedings of the 22nd international conference on Parallel architectures and compilation techniques
Multi-grain coherence directories
Proceedings of the 46th Annual IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Microarchitecture
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We present a new arrangement of directory bits called the segment directory to improve directory storage efficiency: a segment directory can point to several sharing processors with almost the same number of bits as the pointer which can point to only one. Many directory overflows can be eliminated by using the segment directory element in place of the pointer in the limited directory schemes. Also, the segment directory can be implemented without introducing additional hardware overhead and protocol complexity. The detailed execution-driven simulations show that the segment directory always does better than the pointer and eliminates many directory overflows by up to 85%. The resulting improvement in bandwidth and execution time is analyzed in detail for limited directory schemes having different behaviors, with respect to the reduced directory overflows.