Digital Watermarking of MPEG-2 Coded Video in the Bitstream Domain
ICASSP '97 Proceedings of the 1997 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP '97) -Volume 4 - Volume 4
Multiresolution scene-based video watermarking using perceptual models
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
The MPEG-4 video standard verification model
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology
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The increasing availability of multimedia contents and particularly the rapid development of the Internet have determined new ways to distribute information documents. In this scenario a copy protection system allowing to control the distribution of multimedia data is hardly required. A new technology useful for copyright protection is watermarking: a digital code (watermark), indicating the copyright owner, is directly embedded into the video signal. In this paper specific attention has been paid to the standard MPEG-4 and a digital video watermarking system has been designed in such a way that the complexity of the standard and the diversity of its applications are considered. In particular, the possibility of the MPEG-4 standard to directly access objects within a video sequence introduces a new constraint to the watermarking process: even if a video object is transferred from a sequence to another, the copyright data of the single object has to be correctly detected. Moreover, to make the watermarking system robust against format conversions, the code has to be inserted before compression. The method proposed in this paper satisfies the previous requirements by relying on an image watermarking algorithm which embeds the code in the Discrete Wavelet Transform of each frame.