OOPLSA '86 Conference proceedings on Object-oriented programming systems, languages and applications
Virtual classes: a powerful mechanism in object-oriented programming
OOPSLA '89 Conference proceedings on Object-oriented programming systems, languages and applications
The annotated C++ reference manual
The annotated C++ reference manual
F-bounded polymorphism for object-oriented programming
FPCA '89 Proceedings of the fourth international conference on Functional programming languages and computer architecture
The Sather programming language
Dr. Dobb's Journal
Object-oriented programming in the BETA programming language
Object-oriented programming in the BETA programming language
Pizza into Java: translating theory into practice
Proceedings of the 24th ACM SIGPLAN-SIGACT symposium on Principles of programming languages
Adding type parameterization to the Java language
Proceedings of the 12th ACM SIGPLAN conference on Object-oriented programming, systems, languages, and applications
Making the future safe for the past: adding genericity to the Java programming language
Proceedings of the 13th ACM SIGPLAN conference on Object-oriented programming, systems, languages, and applications
Compatible genericity with run-time types for the Java programming language
Proceedings of the 13th ACM SIGPLAN conference on Object-oriented programming, systems, languages, and applications
Communications of the ACM
Abstraction mechanisms in the BETA programming language
POPL '83 Proceedings of the 10th ACM SIGACT-SIGPLAN symposium on Principles of programming languages
A Statically Safe Alternative to Virtual Types
ECCOP '98 Proceedings of the 12th European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming
ECOOP '99 Proceedings of the 13th European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming
ECOOP '99 Proceedings of the 13th European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming
Towards a Unified Programming Language
ECOOP '00 Proceedings of the 14th European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming
On Variance-Based Subtyping for Parametric Types
ECOOP '02 Proceedings of the 16th European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming
Parametric Polymorphism and Orthogonal Persistence
Proceedings of the International Symposium on Objects and Databases
Virtual Classes and Their Implementation
CC '01 Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Compiler Construction
A Model for Java with Wildcards
ECOOP '08 Proceedings of the 22nd European conference on Object-Oriented Programming
Modules as objects in newspeak
ECOOP'10 Proceedings of the 24th European conference on Object-oriented programming
Metamodeling semantics of multiple inheritance
Science of Computer Programming
Taming the wildcards: combining definition- and use-site variance
Proceedings of the 32nd ACM SIGPLAN conference on Programming language design and implementation
Taming wildcards in Java's type system
Proceedings of the 32nd ACM SIGPLAN conference on Programming language design and implementation
Lightweight family polymorphism
APLAS'05 Proceedings of the Third Asian conference on Programming Languages and Systems
Exact type parameterization and ThisType support
TLDI '12 Proceedings of the 8th ACM SIGPLAN workshop on Types in language design and implementation
Reconciling virtual classes with genericity
JMLC'06 Proceedings of the 7th joint conference on Modular Programming Languages
Adaptable generic programming with required type specifications and package templates
Proceedings of the 11th annual international conference on Aspect-oriented Software Development
On ownership and accessibility
ECOOP'06 Proceedings of the 20th European conference on Object-Oriented Programming
Parameterized modules for classes and extensible functions
ECOOP'06 Proceedings of the 20th European conference on Object-Oriented Programming
Java wildcards meet definition-site variance
ECOOP'12 Proceedings of the 26th European conference on Object-Oriented Programming
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Generic types in programming languages are most often supported with various forms of parametric polymorphism, i.e. functions on types. Within the framework of object-oriented languages, virtual types present an alternative where specific types are derived from generic ones using inheritance rather than function application. While both mechanisms are statically safe and support basic genericity, they have very different typing properties, each of them providing for the description of useful relationships, which are not expressible with the other. In this paper we present, through the use of examples, a mechanism for describing generic classes: structural virtual types. This mechanism is essentially a merger of parameterized classes and virtual types and includes the bene fits of both, in particular retaining mutual recursion and covariance of virtual types as well as the function-like nature of parameterized classes.