Shape Nouns and Shape Concepts: A Geometry for 'Corner'
Spatial Cognition, An Interdisciplinary Approach to Representing and Processing Spatial Knowledge
Representing Simple Trajectories as Oriented Curves
Proceedings of the Twelfth International Florida Artificial Intelligence Research Society Conference
An Axiomatic Approach to the Spatial Relations Underlying Left-Right and in Front of-Behind
KI '97 Proceedings of the 21st Annual German Conference on Artificial Intelligence: Advances in Artificial Intelligence
Using Orientation Information for Qualitative Spatial Reasoning
Proceedings of the International Conference GIS - From Space to Territory: Theories and Methods of Spatio-Temporal Reasoning on Theories and Methods of Spatio-Temporal Reasoning in Geographic Space
A Geometric Theory of Vague Boundaries Based on Supervaluation
COSIT 2001 Proceedings of the International Conference on Spatial Information Theory: Foundations of Geographic Information Science
A Graded Approach to Directions between Extended Objects
GIScience '02 Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Geographic Information Science
Rough Mereology in Information Systems with Applications to Qualitative Spatial Reasoning
Fundamenta Informaticae
Directional relations and frames of reference
Geoinformatica
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In this article we propose a calculus of qualitative geographic coordinates which allows reasoning about cardinal directions on grid-based reference systems in maps. Grids in maps can be considered as absolute reference systems. The analysis reveals that the basic information coded in these reference systems is ordering information. Therefore, no metric information is required. We show that it is unnecessary to assume a coordinate system based on numbers in order to extract information like a point P is further north than a point Q. We investigate several grids in maps resulting from different types of projections. In addition, a detailed examination of the north arrow is given since it supplies a grid with ordering information. On this basis, we provide a general account on grids, their formalization and the inferences about cardinal directions drawn using qualitative geographic coordinates.