Separating Quantum and Classical Learning

  • Authors:
  • Rocco A. Servedio

  • Affiliations:
  • -

  • Venue:
  • ICALP '01 Proceedings of the 28th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages and Programming,
  • Year:
  • 2001

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Abstract

We consider a model of learning Boolean functions from quantum membership queries. This model was studied in [26], where it was shown that any class of Boolean functions which is information-theoretically learnable from polynomially many quantum membership queries is also information-theoretically learnable from polynomially many classical membership queries. In this paper we establish a strong computational separation between quantum and classical learning. We prove that if any cryptographic one-way function exists, then there is a class of Boolean functions which is polynomial-time learnable from quantum membership queries but not polynomial-time learnable from classical membership queries. A novel consequence of our result is a quantum algorithm that breaks a general cryptographic construction which is secure in the classical setting.