Contextual grammars and natural languages
Handbook of formal languages, vol. 2
Contextual grammars and formal languages
Handbook of formal languages, vol. 2
Noncounting Context-Free Languages
Journal of the ACM (JACM)
Associative language descriptions
Theoretical Computer Science
Introduction to Formal Language Theory
Introduction to Formal Language Theory
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The Associative Language Description model (ALD), a combination of locally testable and constituent structure ideas, has been recently proposed to overcome some criticisms relative to context-free languages. This approach is consistent with current views on brain organization and can conveniently describe typical technical languages such as Pascal or HTML. ALD languages are strictly enclosed in context-free languages but in practice the ALD model equals contextfree grammars in explanatory adequacy. Moreover, it excludes mathematical sets based on counting properties that are never used in the definition of artificial languages. Many properties of ALD are still to be investigated. Here, a characterization of context free languages in term of ALD languages is proved and a new hierarchy in the ALD family is given.