Introduction to operations research, 4th ed.
Introduction to operations research, 4th ed.
Computer Architecture in the 1990s
Computer
Program profiling problems, and a solution via machine language rewriting
ACM SIGPLAN Notices
Mtool: An Integrated System for Performance Debugging Shared Memory Multiprocessor Applications
IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems
Gprof: A call graph execution profiler
SIGPLAN '82 Proceedings of the 1982 SIGPLAN symposium on Compiler construction
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Performance is an important aspect of software quality; in some real-time systems, poor performance can cause physical damage or even deaths. This paper describes how data from profiles taken at different loads may be combined to help locate performance bottlenecks that are distributed widely throughout a large program or system, such as those due to inlined functions or macros. This paper also describes how this technique may be used to pinpoint several types of performance bottlenecks in large programs running on shared-memory multiprocessors. In this environment, the critical bottleneck might consume only a small fraction of the total resources (due to Amdahl's law) and might be widely distributed throughout the program under test. Such a bottleneck can be very difficult to find when using traditional profiling techniques.