Adaptation in natural and artificial systems
Adaptation in natural and artificial systems
The evolution of size and shape
Advances in genetic programming
Genetic Programming and Evolvable Machines
Accurate Replication in Genetic Programming
Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Genetic Algorithms
Proceedings of the European Conference on Genetic Programming
A Schema Theory Analysis of the Evolution of Size in Genetic Programming with Linear Representations
EuroGP '01 Proceedings of the 4th European Conference on Genetic Programming
General Schema Theory for Genetic Programming with Subtree-Swapping Crossover
EuroGP '01 Proceedings of the 4th European Conference on Genetic Programming
EuroGP '01 Proceedings of the 4th European Conference on Genetic Programming
Schema theory for genetic programming with one-point crossover and point mutation
Evolutionary Computation
Schemata evolution and building blocks
Evolutionary Computation
Code growth in genetic programming
GECCO '96 Proceedings of the 1st annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation
General schema theory for genetic programming with subtree-swapping crossover: Part II
Evolutionary Computation
Understanding the Biases of Generalised Recombination: Part II
Evolutionary Computation
Sub-tree Swapping Crossover, Allele Diffusion and GP Convergence
Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Parallel Problem Solving from Nature: PPSN X
On Crossover Success Rate in Genetic Programming with Offspring Selection
EuroGP '09 Proceedings of the 12th European Conference on Genetic Programming
EC theory: a unified viewpoint
GECCO'03 Proceedings of the 2003 international conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation: PartII
Theoretical results in genetic programming: the next ten years?
Genetic Programming and Evolvable Machines
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In this paper we study, theoretically, the search biases produced by GP subtree crossover when applied to linear representations, such as those used in linear GP or in variable length GAs. The study naturally leads to generalisations of Geiringer's theorem and of the notion of linkage equilibrium, which, until now, were applicable only to fixed-length representations. This indicates the presence of a diffusion process by which, even in the absence of selective pressure and mutation, the alleles in a particular individual tend not just to be swapped with those of other individuals in the population, but also to diffuse within the representation of each individual. More precisely, crossover attempts to push the population towards distributions of primitives where each primitive is equally likely to be found in any position in any individual.