The Z notation: a reference manual
The Z notation: a reference manual
Z in practice
Using Z: specification, refinement, and proof
Using Z: specification, refinement, and proof
The B-book: assigning programs to meanings
The B-book: assigning programs to meanings
The Object-Z specification language
The Object-Z specification language
Refinement in Z and object-Z: foundations and advanced applications
Refinement in Z and object-Z: foundations and advanced applications
Inconsistency and Undefinedness in Z - A Practical Guide
ZUM '98 Proceedings of the 11th International Conference of Z Users on The Z Formal Specification Notation
Viewpoint Consistency in Z and LOTOS: A Case Study
FME '97 Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium of Formal Methods Europe on Industrial Applications and Strengthened Foundations of Formal Methods
On the Refinement and Simulation of Data Types and Processes
IFM '99 Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Integrated Formal Methods
3FACS'98 Proceedings of the 3rd BCS-FACS conference on Northern Formal Methods
Formal program development with approximations
ZB'05 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Formal Specification and Development in Z and B
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Z is a specification notation with a model-based semantics, but in contrast to most such languages, its normal refinement relation is not defined in terms of model containment. This paper investigates this phenomenon, leading to a variety of observations concerning the relation between Z semantics and refinement.