People and computers: how to evaluate your company's new technology
People and computers: how to evaluate your company's new technology
Cognitive systems engineering
Computers and design in context
Computers and design in context
Procedures in complex systems: the airline cockpit
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part A: Systems and Humans
Dependability Evaluation: Model and Method Based on Activity Theory
SAFECOMP '00 Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Computer Safety, Reliability and Security
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Every complex control process is formed by three types of resources. These Software, Hardware and Liveware resources interact with each other, they are mutually dependent, and they are embedded in a given Environment. However, one common pitfall of traditional design approaches is that they do not consider this systemic view appropriately. We propose a holistic design methodology based on this concept of SHEL for all phases of the design process: understanding the whole system, the activities performed, the criticality, and the knowledge that was created when breakdowns were encountered; and designing not just the artifacts to be introduced, but rather the complete work environment, including the processes, operators' jobs, formal procedures and training. Evaluation, iteration, and user participation are key characteristics of this holistic design approach.