A method for obtaining digital signatures and public-key cryptosystems
Communications of the ACM
Proceedings of the International Workshop on Security Protocols
Designing a trade-off between usability and security: a metrics based-model
INTERACT'07 Proceedings of the 11th IFIP TC 13 international conference on Human-computer interaction - Volume Part II
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The euro was introduced on the first of January 1999 as a common currency in fourteen European nations. EC regulations are fundamentally different from usual banking practices for they forbid fees when converting national currencies to euros (fees would otherwise deter users from adopting the euro); this creates a unique fraud context where money can be made by taking advantage of the EC's official rounding rules.This paper proposes a public-key-based protection against such attacks. In our scheme, the parties conducting a transaction can not predict whether the rounding will cause loss or gain while the expected statistical difference between an amount and its euro-equivalent decreases exponentially as the number of transactions increases.