Latex: a document preparation system
Latex: a document preparation system
Computer input/output of mathematical expressions
SYMSAC '71 Proceedings of the second ACM symposium on Symbolic and algebraic manipulation
Design of a mathematical expression recognition system
ICDAR '95 Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (Volume 2) - Volume 2
Automatic Detection of Italic, Bold and All-Capital Words in Document Images
ICPR '98 Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Pattern Recognition-Volume 1 - Volume 1
Structure analysis and recognition of mathematical expressions
ICDAR '95 Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (Volume 1) - Volume 1
Mathematics recognition using graph rewriting
ICDAR '95 Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (Volume 1) - Volume 1
A method for the structural analysis of two-dimensional mathematical expressions
Information Sciences: an International Journal
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In this paper, we propose an approach for understanding mathematical expressions in printed document. The system consists of three main components namely (i) detection of mathematical expressions in a document, (ii) recognition of the symbols present in the expression and (iii) meaningful arrangement of the recognized symbols. However, detection of mathematical expressions is done through recognition of symbols. Moreover, some structural features of the expressions are also used for this purpose. For recognition of the symbols a hybrid of feature based and template based recognition techniques is used. The bounding-box coordinates and the size information of the symbols help to determine the spatial relationships among the symbols. A set of predefined grammar rules is used to form the meaningful symbol groups to properly arrange the symbols. Experiments conducted using these approaches on a large number of documents show high accuracy.