Software run-time protection: a crptographic issue
EUROCRYPT '90 Proceedings of the workshop on the theory and application of cryptographic techniques on Advances in cryptology
Algorithm-sequenced access control
Computers and Security
Password authentication with insecure communication
Communications of the ACM
A method for obtaining digital signatures and public-key cryptosystems
Communications of the ACM
NetCard - A Practical Electronic-Cash System
Proceedings of the International Workshop on Security Protocols
Electronic Payments of Small Amounts
Proceedings of the International Workshop on Security Protocols
iKP: a family of secure electronic payment protocols
WOEC'95 Proceedings of the 1st conference on USENIX Workshop on Electronic Commerce - Volume 1
The millicent protocols for electronic commerce
WOEC'95 Proceedings of the 1st conference on USENIX Workshop on Electronic Commerce - Volume 1
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Micropayments are electronic payments of small amount. Given their low value, the cost of the corresponding electronic transactions should also be kept low. Current micropayment schemes allow a regular amount of money withdrawn from a bank to be split into fixed-value coupons, each of which is used for one micropayment. A more flexible mechanism is proposed in this paper, whereby coupons of variable value can be generated by a spending program without increasing the transaction cost. Moreover, the spending program allows one of several alternative ways of splitting the amount withdrawn into reusable coupons to be selected in real-time.