Evaluation of Copyright Marking Systems
ICMCS '99 Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Multimedia Computing and Systems - Volume 2
General quality maintenance module for motion picture watermarking
IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics
Digital watermarking using zerotree of DCT
IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics
Secure spread spectrum watermarking for multimedia
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
A New Anonymous Fingerprinting Scheme with High Enciphering Rate
INDOCRYPT '01 Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Cryptology in India: Progress in Cryptology
On (In)security of "A Robust Image Authentication Method"
PCM '02 Proceedings of the Third IEEE Pacific Rim Conference on Multimedia: Advances in Multimedia Information Processing
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Generally, low frequency domain may be useful to embed a watermark in an image. However, if a watermark is embedded into low frequency components, blocking effects may occur in the image. Then considering blocking effects, we study some characteristics among DCT coefficients and find some interesting mutual relations. Here, the robustness of many schemes based on the orthogonal transformations such as DCT may be doubtful against geometric transformations. For the distortions produced by some geometric transformations, we propose a searching protocol to find the watermarked block which is rotated and shifted. In the proposed scheme, a watermark can remain in the attacked image with very high probability in our scheme. Further, the watermark becomes more robust than the above scheme using error-correction.