The JPEG still picture compression standard
Communications of the ACM - Special issue on digital multimedia systems
A DCT-domain system for robust image watermarking
Signal Processing
Secure spread spectrum watermarking for multimedia
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
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This paper presents a theoretical performance analysis of data hiding, which inserts invisible/inaudible digital watermarks in media data. The analysis relates payload limit, minimum watermark-signalto-noise ratio, probability of watermark detection error, and bandwidth of the watermarking channel. The usage of such a channel for large payload, direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) with and without coding for error recovery is discussed. The paper finally illustrates how the analytical results can be applied in practice, in terms of selecting parameters of watermarking under quantization, by introducing analytical prediction of the decreasing SNR against quantization step size.