Nonlinear manifold learning for visual speech recognition
ICCV '95 Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Computer Vision
A two-channel training algorithm for hidden Markov model and its application to lip reading
EURASIP Journal on Applied Signal Processing
Vision-based technique for secure recognition of voice-less commands
International Journal of Electronic Security and Digital Forensics
A Novel Visual Speech Representation and HMM Classification for Visual Speech Recognition
PSIVT '09 Proceedings of the 3rd Pacific Rim Symposium on Advances in Image and Video Technology
Visual speech recognition using motion features and hidden Markov models
CAIP'07 Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Computer analysis of images and patterns
Journal of Signal Processing Systems
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In this paper, a novel subword lip reading system using continuous Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) is presented. The constituent HMMs are configured according to the statistical features of lip motion and trained with the Baum-Welch method. The performance of the proposed system in identifying the fourteen visemes defined in MPEG-4 standards is addressed. Experiment results show that an average accuracy above 80% can be achieved using the proposed system.