How to generate cryptographically strong sequences of pseudo-random bits
SIAM Journal on Computing
An Improved Pseudo-random Generator Based on Discrete Log
CRYPTO '00 Proceedings of the 20th Annual International Cryptology Conference on Advances in Cryptology
An Efficient Discrete Log Pseudo Random Generator
CRYPTO '98 Proceedings of the 18th Annual International Cryptology Conference on Advances in Cryptology
Short cycles in repeated exponentiation modulo a prime
Designs, Codes and Cryptography
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We explore some questions related to one of Brizolis: does every prime p have a pair (g, h) such that h is a fixed point for the discrete logarithm with base g? We extend this question to ask about not only fixed points but also two-cycles. Campbell and Pomerance have not only answered the fixed point question for sufficiently large p but have also rigorously estimated the number of such pairs given certain conditions on g and h. We attempt to give heuristics for similar estimates given other conditions on g and h and also in the case of two-cycles. These heuristics are well-supported by the data we have collected, and seem suitable for conversion into rigorous estimates in the future.