The R*-tree: an efficient and robust access method for points and rectangles
SIGMOD '90 Proceedings of the 1990 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data
The hB-tree: a multiattribute indexing method with good guaranteed performance
ACM Transactions on Database Systems (TODS)
Numerical recipes in C (2nd ed.): the art of scientific computing
Numerical recipes in C (2nd ed.): the art of scientific computing
B-trees with inserts and deletes: why free-at-empty is better than merge-at-half
PODS '89 Selected papers of the eighth ACM SIGACT-SIGMOD-SIGART symposium on Principles of database systems
On-line reorganization of sparsely-populated B+-trees
SIGMOD '96 Proceedings of the 1996 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data
The SR-tree: an index structure for high-dimensional nearest neighbor queries
SIGMOD '97 Proceedings of the 1997 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data
STR: A Simple and Efficient Algorithm for R-Tree Packing
ICDE '97 Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Conference on Data Engineering
Generalized Search Trees for Database Systems
VLDB '95 Proceedings of the 21th International Conference on Very Large Data Bases
An Analysis Framework for Access Methods
An Analysis Framework for Access Methods
Boolean Bounding Predicates for Spatial Access Methods
Boolean Bounding Predicates for Spatial Access Methods
Jagged Bite Problem NP-Complete Construction
Jagged Bite Problem NP-Complete Construction
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Tree-based multidimensional indexes are integral to efficient querying in multimedia and GIS applications. These indexes frequently use shapes in internal tree nodes to describe the data stored in a subtree below. We show that the standard Minimum Bounding Rectangle descriptor can lead to significant inefficiency during tree traversal, due to false positives. We also observe that there is often space in internal nodes for richer, more accurate descriptors than rectangles. We propose exploiting this free space to form subtree predicates based on simple boolean combinations of standard descriptors such as rectangles. Since the problem of choosing these boolean bounding predicates is NP-complete, we implemented and tested several heuristics for tuning the bounding predicates on an index node, and several heuristics for deciding which nodes in the index to improve when available tuning time is limited. We present experiments over a variety of real and synthetic data sets, examining the performance benefit of the various tuning heuristics. Our experiments show that up to 50% of the unnecessary I/Os caused by imprecise subtree predicates can be eliminated using the boolean bounding predicates chosen by our algorithms.