End-to-end Internet packet dynamics
SIGCOMM '97 Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM '97 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communication
Video Processing and Communications
Video Processing and Communications
Unequal packet loss resilience for fine-granular-scalability video
IEEE Transactions on Multimedia
Streaming video over the Internet: approaches and directions
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology
Overview of fine granularity scalability in MPEG-4 video standard
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology
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The Fine-Granular-Scalability (FGS) video coding framework has been adopted by the MPEG-4 standard as a streaming profile for streaming applications. However, streaming over packet erasure channels (e.g. the Internet) often suffers from arbitrary packet loss characteristics and high packet loss rates that reduce video playback quality in an unpredictable manner. Due to the inherent dependency in the basic FGS bit-stream definition, any packet losses critically affect its playback quality. To improve its resilience to error, we propose two enhancements that remove the dependency in the FGS bit-stream. Our enhancements require marginal computation and redundant information overhead, but significantly improve the error resilience of the FGS scheme. We demonstrate via experiments the effectiveness of our enhancements for Internet streaming applications.