A consistent hierarchical representation for vector data
SIGGRAPH '86 Proceedings of the 13th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Iconic indexing by 2-D strings
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
2D C-string: a new spatial knowledge representation for image database systems
Pattern Recognition
A retrieval technique for similar shapes
SIGMOD '91 Proceedings of the 1991 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data
Tcl and the Tk toolkit
The Montage extensible DataBlade architecture
SIGMOD '94 Proceedings of the 1994 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data
Design and evaluation of algorithms for image retrieval by spatial similarity
ACM Transactions on Information Systems (TOIS)
Document image analysis
VisualSEEk: a fully automated content-based image query system
MULTIMEDIA '96 Proceedings of the fourth ACM international conference on Multimedia
Feature-index-based similar shape retrieval
Proceedings of the third IFIP WG2.6 working conference on Visual database systems 3 (VDB-3)
An Algorithm for Finding Best Matches in Logarithmic Expected Time
ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software (TOMS)
Database System Concepts
Introduction to Modern Information Retrieval
Introduction to Modern Information Retrieval
R-trees: a dynamic index structure for spatial searching
SIGMOD '84 Proceedings of the 1984 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data
Query Optimization and Execution Plan Generation in Object-Oriented Data Management Systems
IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering
An Intelligent Image Database System
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
Design, Implementation and Evaluation of SCORE (a System for COntent based REtrieval of Pictures)
ICDE '95 Proceedings of the Eleventh International Conference on Data Engineering
Optimization for Spatial Query Processing
VLDB '91 Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Very Large Data Bases
Semantic Queries with Pictures: The VIMSYS Model
VLDB '91 Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Very Large Data Bases
Similarity based Retrieval of Pictures Using Indices on Spatial Relationships
VLDB '95 Proceedings of the 21th International Conference on Very Large Data Bases
The Design of Pictorial Databases Based Upon the Theory of Symbolic Projections
SSD '89 Proceedings of the First Symposium on Design and Implementation of Large Spatial Databases
SSD '93 Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Advances in Spatial Databases
SSD '95 Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Advances in Spatial Databases
A Visual Database System for Spatial and Non-Spatial Data Management
VDB4 Proceedings of the IFIP TC2/WG 2.6 Fourth Working Conference on Visual Database Systems 4
Direct Manipulation Spatial Exploration Using SVIQUEL
VDB4 Proceedings of the IFIP TC2/WG 2.6 Fourth Working Conference on Visual Database Systems 4
Weighting Spatial Relationships in Retrieval by Visual Contents
VDB4 Proceedings of the IFIP TC2/WG 2.6 Fourth Working Conference on Visual Database Systems 4
VisualMOQL: A Visual Query Lanaguage for Image Databases
VDB4 Proceedings of the IFIP TC2/WG 2.6 Fourth Working Conference on Visual Database Systems 4
Two Data Organizations for Storing Symbolic Images in a Relational Database System
DS-8 Proceedings of the IFIP TC2/WG2.6 Eighth Working Conference on Database Semantics- Semantic Issues in Multimedia Systems
Imprecision and User Preferences in Multimedia Queries: A Generic Algebraic Approach
FoIKS '00 Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Foundations of Information and Knowledge Systems
Rewriting Rules To Permeate Complex Similarity and Fuzzy Queries within a Relational Database System
IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering
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Symbolic images are composed of a finite set of symbols that have a semantic meaning. Examples of symbolic images include maps (where the semantic meaning of the symbols is given in the legend), engineering drawings, and floor plans. Two approaches for supporting queries on symbolic-image databases that are based on image content are studied. The classification approach preprocesses all symbolic images and attaches a semantic classification and an associated certainty factor to each object that it finds in the image. The abstraction approach describes each object in the symbolic image by using a vector consisting of the values of some of its features (e.g., shape, genus, etc.). The approaches differ in the way in which responses to queries are computed. In the classification approach, images are retrieved on the basis of whether or not they contain objects that have the same classification as the objects in the query. On the other hand, in the abstraction approach, retrieval is on the basis of similarity of feature vector values of these objects. Methods of integrating these two approaches into a relational multimedia database management system so that symbolic images can be stored and retrieved based on their content are described. Schema definitions and indices that support query specifications involving spatial as well as contextual constraints are presented. Spatial constraints may be based on both locational information (e.g., distance) and relational information (e.g., north of). Different strategies for image retrieval for a number of typical queries using these approaches are described. Estimated costs are derived for these strategies. Results are reported of a comparative study of the two approaches in terms of image insertion time, storage space, retrieval accuracy, and retrieval time.